Or, if a woman has sex during the time the egg has been released, the sperm could fertilize the just-released egg. Most doctors usually recommend having unprotected sex starting about three to six days before you ovulate, as well as the day you ovulate if you wish to become pregnant.
Conception requires several steps to come together. First, a woman must release a healthy egg. Some women have medical conditions that prevent them from ovulating altogether.
A woman must also release an egg healthy enough for fertilization. A woman is born with the number of eggs she will have throughout her lifetime. As she gets older, the quality of her eggs diminishes. This is most true after age 35, according to the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.
High-quality sperm are also required to reach and fertilize the egg. While only one sperm is needed, the sperm must travel past the cervix and uterus into the fallopian tubes to fertilize the egg. Some conditions cause the sperm to die before they can swim to the fallopian tubes.
Some women may benefit from assisted reproductive technologies like intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilization if there are issues preventing healthy sperm from meeting a healthy egg naturally. Sperm usually fertilizes the egg in the fallopian tube. An egg takes about 30 hours to travel from the ovary down the fallopian tube, according to the University of California San Francisco. As the egg travels down the fallopian tube, it lodges in a specific portion called the ampullar-isthmic junction.
If the egg is fertilized, it will usually rapidly travel into the uterus and implant. Doctors call the fertilized egg an embryo. As a result, the embryo could implant in the fallopian tube improper location , which would cause a condition called an ectopic pregnancy.
This can be a medical emergency because the pregnancy cannot continue and can cause fallopian tube rupture. For other women, the blastocyst of fertilized cells may not implant at all, even if it reaches the uterus.
In other cases, the egg, sperm, or portion of the embryo may not be high quality enough to successfully implant. After a sperm fertilizes an egg, cells in the embryo start to rapidly divide. After about seven days, the embryo is a mass of multiplied cells known as a blastocyst. This blastocyst will then ideally implant in the uterus. As the egg travels through the fallopian tube before implantation, though, the levels of the hormone progesterone begin rising.
The treatment offered will depend on what's causing the fertility problems and what's available from your local clinical commissioning group CCG. Private treatment is also available, but it can be expensive and there's no guarantee it will be successful. It's important to choose a private clinic carefully. There are many possible causes of infertility , and fertility problems can affect either partner.
But in a quarter of cases it is not possible to identify the cause. There's no evidence to suggest caffeinated drinks, such as tea, coffee and colas, are associated with fertility problems. Page last reviewed: 18 February Next review due: 18 February Around 1 in 7 couples may have difficulty conceiving.
Fertility Most couples about 84 out of every will get pregnant within a year if they have regular sex and don't use contraception. What does 'regular sex' mean? Having regular sex means having sex every 2 to 3 days throughout the month.
Some couples may try to time having sex with when the woman ovulates releases an egg. Fertility problems Fertility problems affect 1 in 7 couples in the UK. Lots of factors can cause fertility problems, including: hormonal endocrine disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS and problems with the thyroid or pituitary glands physical disorders, such as obesity , anorexia nervosa or excessive exercise disorders of the reproductive system, such as infections, blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis or a low sperm count Some of these factors affect either women or men.
Getting help If you have been trying for a baby for 1 to 2 years without success, see your GP for advice. Further information How can I tell when I'm ovulating?
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